ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In Latin America, liver cancer is one of the top causes of cancer mortality. It is the fifth most common cause of death among malignant tumors in Mexico and is the leading cause in Hidalgo State (43.8% of the population living in poverty). OBJECTIVE: To conduct a correlational analysis on the main risk factors for liver cancer in Hidalgo State, Mexico, including municipal disaggregation and comparison with the national level. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive and comparative epidemiological study using Mexican governmental databases covering 1990-2019. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the databases of the General Directorate of Health Information (DGIS) was performed to analyze official death figures, hospital discharges and national and municipal population projections, using specific search criteria defined in the Global Burden of Disease classification, based on the risk factors for liver cancer. RESULTS: Liver cancer rates showed an evident rise in Hidalgo (183%), moving from 21st place in Mexico in 1990 to 9th place in 2019. This increase was correlated with alcoholism. An increasing trend for liver cancer deaths, of 133.89%, is projected for 2030. Females and the population over 60 years of age are more affected. There are some critical regions with liver cancer death rates twice the national rate or more. CONCLUSION: Targeted effective public health strategies should be structured by identifying, characterizing and regionalizing critical marginalized municipalities that are vulnerable to alcoholism and other risk factors for liver cancer. This approach may be helpful for other states in Mexico or similar countries.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento Resulta relevante obtener un panorama más amplio del uso de las estrategias, conocidas como de tercera generación, y en particular, de su efectividad en el apoyo psicológico a corto y largo plazos en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas mediante las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas conocidas para este padecimiento. Objetivo describir las principales características y efectividad de intervenciones basadas en mindfulness en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Métodos se realizó una revisión sistemática, con artículos publicados en bases de datos de acceso libre como Crossref, Springer Open, PUBMED y EBSCO, con fecha de publicación entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión de artículos fueron determinados atendiendo a la estrategia PICO: pacientes o población, intervenciones, comparación o control y resultados. Los términos de búsqueda empleados: cáncer de mama y reducción del estrés basada en mindfulness. Resultados fueron identificados 110 artículos inicialmente, y al aplicar los criterios de inclusión se seleccionaron 15. En todos los estudios participaron mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento, las cuales fueron objeto de intervenciones basadas en el Programa de Reducción del Estrés Basado en Atención Plena. Se encontraron efectos significativos en variables como calidad de vida, síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, estrés, distress, trastornos del sueño, fatiga y en biomarcadores como la frecuencia cardiaca. Conclusión el Programa de Reducción del Estrés Basado en Atención Plena evidencia su efectividad en pacientes con cáncer de mama sobre variables psicosociales en diferentes países.
ABSTRACT Background It is relevant to obtain a broader panorama of the strategies use, known as third generation, and in particular, of their effectiveness in short and long-term psychological support in patients with breast cancer treated through the different therapeutic modalities known for this condition. Objective to describe the main characteristics and effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in women with breast cancer. Methods a systematic review was carried out, with articles published in open access databases such as Crossref, Springer Open, PUBMED and EBSCO, with a publication date between January 2016 and December 2020. The inclusion criteria of articles were determined according to the PICO strategy: patients or population, interventions, comparison or control, and results. The search terms used: breast cancer and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Results 110 articles were initially identified, and when applying the inclusion criteria, 15 were selected. In all the studies, women with breast cancer undergoing treatment participated, which were the object of interventions based on the Full Attention-Based Stress Reduction Program. Significant effects were found in variables such as quality of life, symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, distress, sleep disorders, fatigue and in biomarkers such as heart rate. Conclusion the Stress Reduction Program Based on Mindfulness shows its effectiveness in patients with breast cancer on psychosocial variables in different countries.